Convertible tellurian and lunarian.



No. 643,497; Pate nted Feb. l3, I909. n. E. GRINSTEAD.

CONVERTIBLE TELLURIAN AND LUNARIAN.

(Application filed July 22, 1899.) (No Model.) 3'Sh00ts-Shuet I.

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No. 643,497. Patented Feb. 13, 1900.

R. E. GRINSTEAD.

CONVERTIBLE TELLURIAN AND LUNARIAN.

(Applicatibn filed. Ju ly 22, 1899.) (No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 2.

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Patented Feb. l3, I900.

R. E. GRINSTEAD. CONVERTIBLE TELLURIAN AND LUNABIAN.

(Application filed. July 22, 1899.]

3 Sheets-Sheet 3.

(No Model.)

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ROBERT E. GRINSTEAD, OF LEXINGTON, KENTUCKY, ASSIGNOR OF ONE- HALF TOPHILLIP W. GRINSTEAD, OF SAME'PLAOE.

CONVERTIBLE TELLURIAN AND LUNARIAN.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 643,497, dated February13, 1900.

Application filed July 22, 1899.

To all whom it may concern.

Be it known that I, ROBERT E. GRINSTEAD, a citizen of the United States,residing at Lexington, in the county of Fayette and State of Kentucky,have invented new and useful Improvements in Convertible Tellurians andLunarians, of which the following is a specification.

One object of my invention is to provide a convertible tellurian andlunarian, by means of which an instrument may be produced for showing inthe one case how the causes operate to produce the changes of theseasons and the like and in the other case how the causes operate toproduce the different phases of the moon.

A further object of the invention is to provide certain improvements inthe method of mounting a terrestrial globe, by means of which amechanical demonstration may be effected of the constant parallelism ofthe earths axis, and whereby the angle of the earths axis may be changedfor the purpose of demonstrating the fact that the widths of the zonesof a planet are dependent upon the inclination of the axis thereof.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will hereinafter appear,and the novel features thereof will be set forth in the claims.

In the drawings forming part of this specification, Figure 1 is a sideelevation of the device when used as a tellurian, showing the mechanicalplane of the ea'rths ecliptic applied. Fig. 2 is a planview of the same.Fig. 3 is a View similar to Fig. 1 with theplane representing the earthsecliptic removed and the arms representing tangent and vertical rays ofsunlight in place. Fig. 4. is a side elevation of the device when usedas a lunarian, and Figs. 5, 6, 7, and 8 represent details.

The base 1 of the instrument has upon the upper surface thereof a seriesof twelve graduations which are radially arranged and represent,respectively, the arc traversed by the earth in its revolution about thesun for each month of the year, the difierent months being printedthereon in succession and the different spaces occupied by the differentmonths being divided up into smaller divisions representing the numberof days in each. Extending upwardly from the base are 'isfree to turnthereon.

Serial No. 724,849. (No model.)

a number of converging curved arms 2 2, which terminate at theirmeeting-points in a boss 3, in which is secured against rotary orlongitudinal movement a rod or standard 4,

having screw-threads 5 upon its upper end.

Secured to said rod or standard at a point adjacent to the boss 3 is astationary drum or spool 6, having a groove 7 in its periphery. Mountedto rotate on the rod or standard 4 and supported upon the arms 2 2 is abracket 8, the same being preferably constructed of wire bent to form anupper horizontal bar 9,end vertical bars 10 11, a horizontal bar 12,leading inwardly from the vertical bar 11 and resting upon the upper endof the arms 2, a horizontal bar 13, leading inwardly from the endvertical bar 10, a diagonally-arranged bracing bar 14, leading upwardlyand outwardly from the bottom horizontal bar 12, a horizontal bar15,1eadin g outwardly from the upper end of the diagonal bracing-bar 14and lying in contact with the upper bar 9, and a vertical bar 16,connecting the outer end of the horizontal bar 15 and the inner end ofthe horizontal bar 13. As shown 'in the drawings, the rod or standard 4extends through openings in the horizontal bars 12 and 9 of the bracket,and said bracket The stationary drum or spool 6 is located between thehorizontal bars 12 and 9, and the outer or free end of the bar 9 issupported and braced by the diagonally arranged bar 11. In this way abracket is provided which is extremely light in weight, in whichfriction is reduced by providing but two narrow bearing-points, andwhich is extremely strong by providing a substantial brace for the outerend thereof,which receives the greatest leverage. Loosely mounted in theouter end of the bracket 8 is a vertical shaft 17 of the'same diameteras the rod or standard tand provided with screwthreads 18 upon its upperend of the same pitch as the screw-threads 5. To this shaft is secured adrum or spool 19, having a groove 20 in its periphery, the said spoollying in the same horizontal plane with the drum or spool 6 andconnected thereto by means of an endless cord or belt 21, which fitswithin the grooves 20 and 7 at opposite ends.

When the device is to be used as a tellurian, I secure the terrestrialglobe 22 to the shaft 17 in the outer end of the bracket 8, the axis ofthe sun, about which the earth revolves, being represented by avertically-arranged rod 23 upon the upper end of the rod or standard 4%I may, if I desire, place upon the rod 23 a sphere or globe to representthe sun. This, however, is not essential. The lower end of the rod 23has an internallythreaded sleeve 2st thereon, which is adapted to fitand screw upon the threaded upper end 5 of the rod or standard 4. Theterrestrial sphere 22 is mounted to rotate upon its axis 25, which issecured at its lower end to a segmental graduated arm 26, extendingthrough a slot or opening 27 in a cap 28, provided with aninternally-threaded socket at its lower end for receiving the upperthreaded end 18 of the shaft 17. By means of the cap 28 the terrestrialsphere 22 maybe secured to either the shaft 17 or the rod or standard 4.The socket in the lower end of the cap 28 intersects the slot or opening27 therein, so that when said cap is screwed down upon the shaft 17 theupper end of said shaft engages the lower edge of the segmental arm 26and holds said arm and said cap in fixed relation to each other. By theconstruction described it will be seen that the inclination of theearths axis may be varied by loosening the cap 28 and swinging thesegmental arm 26 in the slot or opening 27 in one direction or theother. The angle of inclination may be determined by the graduations onsaid segmental arm. Vhen the proper position has been reached, the capis returned to its locking position on the shaft 17 and furtheraccidental movement of the axis 25 is prevented. By means of thisadjustment an ocular demonstration may be made of the fact that thezones are dependent upon the inclination of the axis of the earth or anyother planet. It should be stated in this connection that the lowerhorizontal bar 12 of the bracket 8 carries an index hand or pointer 29,which moves with said bracket in front of the chart or graduations uponthe upper surface of the base 1.

By turning the bracket 8 the terrestrial sphere 22 may be revolved aboutthe sun, or rather the mechanical representation thereof, and during therevolution the parallelism of the earths axis 25 will be maintained atall times. This result is effected by the cooperation of the drums orspools 6 and 19 and the cord 21, which connects the same. The drum orspool 6 being fixed in position and the drum or spool 19 being rotatableby reason of the loose connection of the shaft 17 with the outer end ofthe bracket 8, the rotation of the bracket 8 will cause the cord 21 tobe wound on and off of the fixed spool U and to turn the rotatable spool19. The degree of rotation is just enough to compensate for the naturalchange in the inclination of the axis 25 which would take place were nomeans provided for preventing it. By this construction also the exactposition of the earth can be determined for any day of the year, the

hand or pointer 29 indicating the day on the chart or scale on the base1.

In connection with the foregoing parts I provide a mechanicalrepresentation of the earths ecliptic, the same beinga flat sheet orplane 30, removably secured to a sleeve 31, which surrounds the verticalrod 23 and is provided with spring clips or arms 32 at its lower endwhich embrace and clamp the up per bar9 of the bracket 8, so as to turntherewith. The plane 30, representing the earths ecliptic, is so mountedas to pass geometrically through the center of the earth and issupported at one end by a spider secured to the under side thereof andprovided with a sleeve or collar 34, which frictionally engages thesleeve 31 heretofore referred to. At an intermediate point, but nearerits opposite end, said plane 30 has pivoted to it a leg 35, having abifurcated lower end 36, which straddles and is supported by the upperbar 9 of the bracket 8. The said plane has a circular opening 37 thereinof the same diameter as that of the terrestrial globe 22, and in saidopening said globe is received, the said plane being in line with thecenter thereof. Around the outer edge of the opening 37 is a series oftwenty-four graduations, the one which is in line with the center of theearth and the rod 23 on which said plane is mounted being marked Zerofor longitude and 12 noon for time of day, this graduation-mark beingopposite the noonday meridian. The different graduations leading to theright are marked 15 and l P. M., 30 and 2 P. M., &c., and those to theleft are marked 15 and 11 A. ll/ 30 and 10 A. M., &c., this arrangementbeing for the purpose of determining the numberof degrees of east orwest longitude any point on the earth is from that which is opposite thenoonday meridian and the time of day of any particular point on theearths surface when it is noon at the point lying opposite the 12 M.graduation.

Adapted to be secured to the sleeve 31 are two substantially parallelarms 38 39, respectively, the arm 38 being so located on said sleevethat it lies tangent to the globe 22 on the noonday meridian and the arm39 being so located on said sleeve that it extends toward the center ofthe globe 22 opposite the noonday meridian. These arms are to representtangent and vertical or direct rays of sunlight, so that it may bedemonstrated what points on the earths surface receive the tangentialand vertical rays at any time of the year. Said arms are frictionallysecured to the sleeve 31 by means of clips or collars 40 40, secured tothe inner ends of said arms and embracing said sleeve. By thisconstruction it will be observed that said arms may be removed whendesired.

The index hand or pointer 29 heretofore referred to is secured to thebracket 8 at a point directly beneath the same and between its point ofpivotal connection with the rod "or standard 4 and the outer endthereof, on

which the globe 22 is mounted. In this way said hand or pointer isprotected by the bracket and more clearly illustrates calendartime thanif it were upon the opposite side of the rod or standard 4, as isusually the case with other tellurians with which I am familiar.

The construction heretofore described relates to the means of mountingthe terrestrial globe and to certain attachments to be used inconnection therewith, whereby certain movements of the earth bothindependently and with respect to the sun may be demonstrated. In orderto use the device as a lu narian, the rod 23, together with the sleeve31 and the parts connected thereto, is removed from the rod or standard4 and said rod 23, with the sleeve 31, is screwed upon the upper end ofthe shaft 17, the cap 2.8 having been previously removed from said shaft17. The said cap, with the globe 22, is then screwed upon the upper endof the rod or standard 4 and a sphere ll, representing the moon, islocated upon the sleeve 31. The rotation of the bracket 8 when the partsare arranged as above described will then cause a complete revolution ofthe sphere 41, representing the moon, upon the shaft 17 for eachcomplete rotation of said bracket around the rod orstandard 4, on whichthe earth 22 is mounted;

Having now described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is-- 1. The combination with an upright orstandard, a bracket rotatable thereon and a globe representing the earthcarried by said bracket, of a plane representing the earths eclipticsurrounding said globe, a frictionsleeve on said plane embracing saidupright and serving to support said plane at one end, and means engagingsaid bracket forsupporting said plane intermediate its ends.

2. The combination with a rotatable bracket and a globe representing theearth mounted thereon, of a plane representing the earths eclipticsurrounding said globe, having a longitudinal and time chart thereon,and mounted to turn on the axis of said bracket, and a support for saidplane intermediate its ends, the said support engaging said bracket.

3. The combination with a vertical rod or upright, a bracket extendingoutwardly therefrom and a globe representing the earth mounted on saidbracket at a distance from said upright, of a plane representing theearths ecliptic having an opening therein through which said globepasses, the said plane being frictionally secured at one point to saidupright and having a leg pivoted there to at a point intermediate itsends and adapted to engage said bracket to support said plane.

4. The combination with a vertical rod or upright, abracket extendingoutwardly therefrom and a globe representing the earth mounted on saidbracket at a distance from said upright, of a plane representing theearths ecliptic having an opening therein through which said globepasses, a sleeve secured to said plane for frictionally supporting thesame at one point on said upright, and a leg pivoted to said planehaving a bifurcated lower end which straddles said bracket forsupporting said plane at another point.

5. In a device of the character described, the combination with the baseand a rod or standard thereon, of a bracket pivotally connected to saidrod or standard for supporting a globe at its outer end, said bracketbeing made in the form of a continuous, endless, open frame, andcomprising upper and lower bars through both of which said rod orstandard passes, and a diagonally-arranged bracing-bar extending fromthe lower to the up per of said bars intermediate their ends, wherebyweight is economized, strength is secured and friction is reduced.

6. In a device of the character described, the combination with the baseand a rod or standard thereon, of a bracket pivotally connected to saidrod or standard for supporting a globe at its outer end, said bracketbeing made in the form of a open frame, and constructed of a rod or wirebent to form a horizontal upper bar, vertical end. bars, horizontalbottom bars leading inwardly and outwardly from said vertical bars,respectively,

1 through one of which and said upper bar said standard passes, ahorizontal lower bar lying in contact with the under side of. said upperbar and a diagonally-arranged bracing-bar leading from the lower barthrough which said rod or standard passes to the horizontal bar whichlies in contact with said upper bar, as and for the purpose set forth.

7. In a convertible tellurian and lunarian, the combination with thebase, of a rod or standard thereon having screwthreads upon its upperend, a bracket pivotally mounted on said rod or standard, a rotatableshaft in the outer end of said bracket parallel to said standard andprovided with screw-threads upon its upper end of the same mesh as thescrew-threads on said standard, drums or spools secured, respectively,to said shaft and to said rod or standard, a cord or belt connectingsaid drums, a cap carrying a terrestrial globe having a threaded sockettherein adapted to screw upon the upper end of said shaft or saidstandard, and a rod carrying a lunarian-globe having a screw-threadedsleeve upon its lower end adapted to screw upon the upper end of saidstandard or said shaft, as and for the purpose set forth.

8. The combination with a globe representing the earth, or anotherplanet, and a rod extending therethrough representing the axis of theearth, of a segmental arm secured to the lower end of said rod and aslotted support through which said arm passes, whereby the inclinationof the axis may be varied, as and for the purpose set forth.

9. The combination with a vertical supporting rod or upright having ascrew-threaded upper end, of a globe representing the IIO ro right forsupporting the globe, and the upper end of said upright adapted toengage said segmental arm for locking the latter in adjusted position.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence of twosubscribing wit- 15 nesses.

ROBERT E. GRINSTEAD; Witnesses:

J. J. W001), J. EMBRY ALLEN.

